Kev sib tsoo
Tag nrho cov whiskey distilleries yuav tsum muaj ib lossis ntau grinders. Sib tsoo tsis yog ib qho tseem ceeb vim tias nws yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm cov txheej txheem ntau lawm, tab sis kuj yog vim tias cov nplej zoo cuam tshuam thiab wort limation. Cov no, nyob rau hauv lem, kev cuam tshuam fermentation thiab distillation ntawm tus ntsuj plig tshiab, ua rau sib tsoo lub hauv paus ntawm tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
Cov av malt yog sib sau ua ke rau raws liGrist, uas muaj cov husks, ntxhib hais, zoo hais, thiab hmoov nplej. Thaum txhua tus malt hla dhau ntawm grinder, kev saib xyuas yuav tsum tau ua kom txo qis kev puas tsuaj rau cov husks. Txawm li cas los ua lub txaj tseem ceeb tshaj plaws thaum lub ntuj lim lub txaj ntawm LABlek phaj, cia cov wort kom tau lim zoo dua.
Qhov piv tau ntawm kev ntxhib thiab zoo rau hmoov yuav tsum tau ua kom zoo. Yog tias muaj ntau cov khoom zoo heev, lawv tuaj yeem txhaws cov phiaj lim lim dej perforated, ua kom wort sib cais nyuaj. Yog tias cov hmoov nplej cov ntsiab lus dhau lawm, nws yuav clump thaum sib xyaw nrog dej kub thiab yaj tsis zoo. Yog li no, txhua qhov distillery yuav tsum txiav txim siab cov kev sib tsoo zoo nkauj raws li cov qauv tsim tshwj xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm nws cov saccharification.
Mashing
Thaum sib tsoo malt yog qhov tseem ceeb, mashing (saccharification (saccharification) yog cov kauj ruam tseem ceeb hauv Whiskey ntau lawm. Txawm hais tias lub distillery tuaj yeem ua tiav cov tshuaj muaj dej cawv ntau thiab ua kom cov khoom lag luam zoo nyob ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov txheej txheem mashing. Ua tsis tiav mashing tsis tas yuav cuam tshuam rau qhov tsw ntawm tus ntsuj plig tshiab, tab sis nws yuav luag tau yeej muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv cov khoom siv qis dua.
Thaum muaj kev kub ntxhov, barley undergoes hloov kho, tab sis tsuas yog ib qho me me ntawm nws cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab hloov mus ua qab zib uas cov poov xab tuaj yeem ferment. Thawj lub luag haujlwm ntawm kev hloov kho yog tawg rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm tes thiab cov protein uas muaj cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab. Lub hom phiaj ntawm mashing yog ntxiv dej thiab tsim cov cai kom hloov cov hnub qub tso rau hauv cov suab thaj fermentable.
Rau Malt Whiskey, cov nplej siv tau ua tiav malted barley, uas twb tau hloov kho thaum germination. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab tuaj yeem ua tau gelatinized ntawm cov kub tsis tshua kub thaum mashing. Los ntawm muaj, cov txheej txheem nyob ntawm kev tswj cov kev ua kom zoo rau ib puag ncig zoo rau enzymatic kev ua si. Cov enzymes no yog rhiab heev rau yam xws li kub, pH, thiab lawv xav tau sijhawm txaus los ua tiav hloov dua siab tshiab.
Nyob rau hauv kev sib piv, grain whiskey feem ntau ua nrog 85% mus rau 90% cov nplej tsis raug, xws li pob kws lossis nplej. Nyob rau hauv cov nplej no, cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab granules nyob twj ywm hauv cov qauv cov cuab yeej ntawm tes thiab cov protein. Txhawm rau kom lawv poob qis, ntau dua qhov kub yuav tsum tau ua ntej gelatinize cov hmoov txhuv nplej siab ua ntej enzymatic symcharification tuaj yeem tshwm sim.
Fermentation
Muaj ntau yam sib xws ntawm cov txheej txheem fermentation ntawm whiskey thiab npias, tab sis qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws hauv kev kho ntawm lub wort. Nyob rau hauv beeter ntau lawm, lub wort yuav tsum tau boiled ua ntej fermentation los tshem tawm cov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob sib kis thiab ua kom muaj kev cuam tshuam nrog residual. Hauv kev sib piv, whiskey wort yogtsis hau, lub ntsiab lus amylase tseem nquag thiab txuas ntxiv cov qoob loo loj dua moleculate molecules rau cov suab thaj me me uas poov xab tuaj yeem siv tau thaum fermentation.
Lub nkoj nyob rau hauv distillery uas poov loj hlob thiab reproduces yog hu ua aFermentation TankCov. Distilleries yuav tsum tsim ib puag ncig zoo thiab muab cov as -ess kom txaus rau cov poov xab kev loj hlob. Yuav kom ua tiav fermentation txuag, cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb, poov xab tshuaj, pitching kub, thiab lub sijhawm fermentation.
Feem ntau, cov txheej txheem fermentation tuaj yeem faib ua plaub theem:
1. Poov xab pitching (tswv yim theem)
Qab zib yog cov khoom noj muaj kuab muaj ntau cov kab mob sib tw rau. Txhawm rau tiv thaiv kev sib kis los ntawm cov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig, cov poov xab yuav tsum tau ntxiv kom sai li sai tau. Yog tias muaj kev ncua sijhawm, lub wort yuav dhau los ua tus muaj tus kab mob- feem ntau yog los ntawm cov kab mob acidic acid. Cov kab mob no tsis yog sib tw nrog cov poov xab rau cov suab thaj tab sis kuj yuav ua rau tsis tiav cov khoom siv acidic, uas tuaj yeem haus cawv ntau dhau, thiab tawm {{4 4} flavors. Qhov ntau cov poov xab uas tau pitched, sai dua fermentation tuaj yeem ua mus.
2. AEROBIC Fermentation
Tsis pub dhau ob peb teev ntawm pitching, cov poov koob pib ntau nrawm ua tsaug rau cov pa tsw qab nyob rau hauv lub wort thiab muaj cov muaj piam thaj thiab cov as-ham. Tom qab ob rau peb tiam ntawm kev ua luam ntawm tes, cov zaub mov oxygen yog depleted. Raws li cov roj carbon dioxide ua tau nce thiab ua ib txheej ntawm cov kua ua kua, nws tiv thaiv ntxiv cov pa oxygen ntxiv. Txij ntawm no, cov poov xab nres replencing thiab hloov mus rau theem anaerobic.
3. Anaerobic Fermentation
Nov yog cov theem tseem ceeb ntawm kev haus cawv. Txawm li cas los xij, fermentation tsis tsuas yog tsim ethanol. Cov poov xab kuj ua txhaum rau lwm cov tebchaw hauv malt, tsim cov khoom me me ntawm kev fermentation uas ua rau muaj tsw thiab muaj ntxhiab tsw ntawm tus ntsuj plig. Cov tebchaw no ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm Whiskey thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov los ntawm kev sib tw laus.
4. Thaum kawg ntawm fermentation
Raws li muaj suab thaj muaj nyob, fermentation slows cia thiab kawg nres. Kev haus dej cawv ntau qib. Lub distillery yuav tsum yog lub ntsej muag zoo- sib koom tes ntau lawm → fermentation →, nrog rau txhua theem nruj nreem txuas. Ntawm cov no, fermentation yog lub sijhawm ntau- cons} cons cons} cons cons} cons }um cons in hauv Transforming Jump, uas yog cov nkoj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ib qho distillery.
